Unlike high blood pressure arterial hypertension
Unlike high blood pressure arterial hypertension
If you have disturbed sleep, fatigue, disorientation, confusion, or nervousness, it's time to monitor your blood pressure. Either lack of sleep or too much sleeping might mean your blood pressure is high or low. If it’s left untreated, you will soon face an onslaught of multiple illnesses.
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Unlike high blood pressure: Arterial hypertension — Definition, causes and consequencesThe term hypertension is used in everyday life is often synonymous with arterial hypertension. Scientifically speaking, these terms are not entirely congruent and a differentiated approach for clinical practice is of great importance.Definition and delimitationArterial hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood pressure is persistently above the normal value. According to the current guidelines (e.g., the ESH/ESC) is considered to be a systolic value of ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic ≥90 mmHg as diagnostically relevant.The colloquial term high blood pressure, however, can also include transient increases in blood pressure — for instance as a response to Stress, physical exertion or certain medicines. Such temporary increases physiologically, and constitutes, per se, is not a disease.Causes: Primary vs. secondary hypertensionArterial hypertension can be divided into two large groups:Primary (essential) hypertension: over 90% of cases, no clear known cause can be found. Instead, the multi-factorial influences play a role:genetic predisposition;Style factors (excess weight, unhealthy diet, high salt consumption, lack of physical activity, alcohol consumption) life;Age;chronic Stress.Secondary hypertension: This Form goes back to a specific, identifiable disease. Important causes are:Kidney disease (e.g., glomerular or vascular lesions);endocrine disorders (hyperthyroidism, Cushing's syndrome, Phäochromzytom);Medication side effects (e.g., corticosteroids, NSAIDs, oral contraceptives);Sleep apnea syndrome.Pathophysiological MechanismsDieuch in primary as secondary hypertension are involved in several regulatory mechanisms:Renin‑Angiotensin‑aldosterone‑System (RAAS): Overactivity leads to vasoconstriction and volume expansion.Sympathetic nervous system: Increased activity, increases heart rate and vascular tone.Endothelial dysfunction: Decreased production of vasodilating substances (e.g., nitric oxide) ends.Ion transport problems: impaired sodium and Potassium balance.Clinical implications and target organ damageIn the long term, increased blood pressure, the cardiovascular System and can cause the following damage:Heart: left ventricular hypertrophy, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease;Brain: stroke, vascular dementia;Renal: renal impairment, up to and including renal failure;Eyes: retinal vascular changes;Vessels: Atherosclerosis, Aneurysms.Diagnostic and therapeutic approachA reliable diagnosis requires repeated blood pressure measurements, ideally complemented by 24‑hour blood pressure monitoring. The therapy is based on several Points:Style changes: weight loss, DASH diet (low salt life, a lot of vegetables/fruit), regular exercise, reduction of alcohol and nicotine.Drug therapy: ACE inhibitors, AT1‑receptor-blockers, calcium antagonists, diuretics, beta-blockers, often in combination.Treatment of the cause of secondary hypertension (for example, removal of the tumor, treatment of kidney disease).ConclusionArterial hypertension is more than just a high blood pressure. It is a complex, multifactorial disease with significant health risks. A differentiated delineation of transient increases in blood pressure and the identification of possible secondary causes are crucial for an effective and individual therapy. Early detection and adequate treatment can reduce the risk of target organ damage significantly.
Ang arteryal na hypertension o hypertension ay isang kondisyon ng patuloy na systolic at diastolic na presyon ng dugo, kung saan ang mga sukatan ay lumalagpas sa 140/90 mmHg. Ang mataas na presyon ay nagpapakita ng mga hindi komportableng sintomas. Unlike high blood pressure arterial hypertension. Ang pagkontrol sa presyon ay isang napakahalagang gawain, dahil ang pag-inom ng mga tableta na nakakatulong sa pagpapanatili ng normal na mga indikador ay maaaring magbigay ng araw-araw na komportableng buhay, upang maiwasan ang panganib ng hypertensive crisis, atake sa puso, at stroke. Ang mga gamot para sa kontrol ng presyon ay medyo malawakang makukuha sa mga botika, pero tanging ang doktor lang ang makakapili ng tamang gamot na angkop sa therapy. Lahat ng grupo ng gamot para pababain ang presyon ay may iba't ibang mekanismo ng epekto, side effects, at may kaunting posibilidad ng pagkadepende. Ang tamang pagpili ng gamot ay nagbibigay ng mabilis at tuloy-tuloy na resulta, at ang eksperimento sa sarili sa pag-inom ng gamot ay may mataas na posibilidad ng biglaang karamdaman, sakit sa puso at daluyan ng dugo, at sa matinding kaso, maaaring magdulot ng kamatayan.
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Ang mga modernong gamot sa pag-imprenta ay hinahati sa 10 iba't ibang grupo ayon sa kanilang mekanismo ng pagkilos. Pagkatapos suriin ng doktor ang mga reklamo ng pasyente at ang resulta ng mga pagsusuri, nagrereseta siya ng isa o higit pang gamot, na hindi dapat baguhin nang mag-isa. Ang mga gamot sa puso at daluyan ng dugo ay hindi kabilang sa mga puwedeng irekomenda sa kaibigan. Ang maling desisyon ay maaaring magdulot ng malungkot na kahihinatnan. Lahat ng gamot na pampababa ng presyon ng dugo ay kailangan ng reseta. Sa artikulong ito, tinitingnan natin ang kanilang modernong klasipikasyon base sa mga aktibong sangkap at sa paraan ng epekto nito sa katawan. Ang mga tableta para pababain ang presyon ng dugo ay natural na nakakatulong para mabilis itong bumalik sa normal, pero inirerekomenda rin na baguhin ang pamumuhay. Ang malusog na pagkain, kontrol sa timbang, regular na ehersisyo, at pag-iwas sa paninigarilyo at alak ay magagandang paraan para maiwasan ang mataas na presyon ng dugo. Siguraduhing mas kaunting sodium (hal. asin) at mas maraming potassium (mga saging, spinach, broccoli) ang mapapasok sa katawan.
Psychosomatics of cardiovascular diseasesThe relationship between psychological factors and physical disease, in particular cardiovascular diseases in modern medicine, an increasingly important role. The psychosomatic medicine examined influence, such as emotional, social and psychological aspects of the development and course of physical diseases.Foundations of psychosomaticsPsychosomatic correlations are based on the assumption that the Psyche and the body are inextricably connected to each other. Stress, anxiety, depression, and unprocessed conflicts can manifest themselves in the Form of physical symptoms. In the context of cardiovascular diseases, in particular chronic Stress and emotional stress play a significant role.Psychological factors as risk factorsNumerous studies confirm that psychological factors can increase the risk for cardiovascular diseases:Stress. Chronic Stress leads to permanent activation of the autonomic nervous system and increased excretion of stress hormones such as adrenaline and Cortisol. This can lead to high blood pressure, increased heart rate and vasoconstriction.Depression. People with depression have a significantly increased risk of developing coronary heart disease. Depression can also worsen the course of a pre-existing heart disease.Fears and personality traits. Certain personality types and, in particular, type‑A personalities (ambitious, time, pressure-sensitive, aggressive), have an increased risk for heart attacks.Social Isolation. A lack of social support and Isolation are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease.Pathophysiological MechanismsThe following mechanisms connecting mental stress with cardiovascular disease:Neuroendocrine Reactions. Stress activates the hypothalamic‑pituitary‑Adrenal‑System (HPA‑axis) and the sympathetic nervous system, which leads to an increase of the catecholamines and Cortisole.Inflammatory processes. Chronic Stress can promote systemic inflammation, which in turn promote atherosclerosis.Changes in behavior. Mental health problems can lead to unhealthy behavior, such as lack of physical activity, unhealthy diet, Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.Endothelial dysfunction. Psychological Stress can impair the function of the vascular endothelium and thus to the development of vascular disease contribute.Treatment approachesA holistic treatment of cardiovascular diseases should take into account psychosomatic aspects:Psychotherapeutic techniques (e.g. cognitive behavioural therapy) to overcome stress and improve emotional Regulation.Relaxation techniques such as Progressive muscle relaxation, Meditation or Yoga to reduce stress reactions.Social support programmes for the strengthening of the social network.Training, health promotion, to change unhealthy patterns of behavior.ConclusionThe psychosomatics plays in cardiovascular disease a crucial role. The Integration of psychosomatic approaches in the prevention and therapy can improve the treatment results significantly, and the quality of life of the Affected increase. A holistic understanding of the causes of disease, which includes both physical as well as psychological factors for a successful treatment is essential.Would you like me to make a certain section in more detail, or other aspects of complementary?